Lifestyle changes play a major role in cancer prevention

Lifestyle changes play a major role in cancer prevention

About two-thirds of cancers are diagnosed in the advanced stages


New Delhi, 15 December 2017: A recent research has indicated that about 40% cancer deaths can be prevented through simple lifestyle changes. The eight groups of modifiable risk factors that were examined in the research include tobacco smoke, dietary factors, alcohol consumption, being overweight or obese, physical inactivity, ultraviolet (UV) exposure, infections, and hormonal factors. The work has highlighted how cancer is not always genetic but can be acquired due to an unhealthy lifestyle.


Smoking and chewing tobacco are two of the biggest cancer risk factors. Tobacco use alone accounts for 12 lakh deaths every year. Reducing tobacco consumption can significantly decrease the global burden of 13 different types of cancers, including lung, oral cavity etc. Alcohol use has also been linked to cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, bowel, liver and breast.


Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement,said, “Cancer is a group of diseases with similar characteristics. Cancer can occur in all living cells in the body and different cancer types have different natural history. Although some rare cancers can be driven by genetic mutations, the most prevalent diseases are down to environmental and lifestyle factors. We all know that cancer, if detected early, can be treated at a much lower cost compared to that incurred when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Its mortality rate is also lowered substantially if people report for screening when the earliest symptoms manifest. Unfortunately, nearly two-thirds of cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, reducing patients’ chances of cure and survival.”


There are more than 100 different kinds of cancer. The treatment options for cancer may include chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery. However, it is imperative to make lifestyle changes an essential part of managing this condition.


Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “Prevention and awareness are vital tools in the fight to end cancer, and they start with knowing how to nourish your body and how to develop healthy habits with lasting benefits. There are a lot options available in life and around us to help reduce our risk of cancer – beginning with some basic changes to lifestyle. Learning what influences our health gives us the power to know what to avoid and how to work towards a healthier lifestyle.”


Here are some lifestyle changes one can adopt to prevent cancerand/or manage the condition.


Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight.
Ensure that you get physical activity for about 30 minutes every day.
Avoid sugary drinks, and limit consumption of high-calorie foods, especially those low in fiber and rich in fat or added sugar.
Eat more of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes.
Limit consumption of red meats and avoid processed meats.
Limit your daily alcohol intake. The recommended intake is two drinks for men and one drink for women.
Limit consumption of salty foods and food processed with salt (sodium).
Don’t use supplements to try to protect against cancer.
After treatment, cancer survivors should follow the recommendations for cancer prevention. 

Hypotension can also cause complications

Hypotension can also cause complications

Lifestyle modifications and dietary changes can help in managing symptoms

New Delhi, 24 November 2017: Statistics indicate that the prevalence of hypotension or low blood pressure depends on age. It ranges from 5% in patients under 50 years of age to 30% in those over 70 years of age. In healthy people, low blood pressure without any symptoms means negligible health concerns. However, symptoms indicate inadequate blood flow to the heart, brain, and other vital organs, which needs to be treated as soon as possible.

Hypotension is a condition in which blood pressure in the arteries gets abnormally low. In some cases, the blood pressure becomes so low that it fails to reach all the body organs. The ideal reading level for blood pressure is more than 120 over 80 but less than 140 over 90 (120/80-140/90). When either number is below the ideal reading level, the blood pressure is considered lower than normal.

Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, “Our blood pressure varies throughout the day due to several factors. Some of them include body positions, the level of stress, physical condition, medications, eating and drinking habits. Blood pressure usually decreases when a person is asleep and rises when he/she wakes up. Some other causes include dehydration, some heart conditions, pregnancy, loss of blood, endocrine problems, infections, certain nutritional deficiencies, allergic reactions, and low salt intake. With age, the risk of low blood pressure normally increases. This is because the blood flow to the heart muscle and the brain declines with age, often due to a buildup of plaque in blood vessels.”

Some symptoms of hypotension include fainting in case of syncope, nausea, lack of concentration, fatigue, blurred vision, and dizziness or lightheadedness. In extreme cases, hypotension can also lead to rapid pulse rate, weakness, feeling of confusion, pale skin color, and rapid, shallow breathing.

Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “Low blood pressure that either doesn't cause signs or symptoms or causes only mild symptoms rarely requires treatment. However, it is best to seek help in case of consistently low blood pressure readings. It also helps to keep a record of such signs and symptoms.”

The following preventive measures can be taken to manage chronic low blood pressure.

• Drink lots of fluids and avoid alcoholic beverages.
• Do not take over-the-counter medications.
• Indulge in regular physical activity to promote normal blood flow.
• Be careful when you get up from your sleep. For those who have consistent low blood pressure, it is imperative to be careful while standing up.
• To improve circulation, pump your feet and ankles a few times before standing up. Avoid heavy lifting.
• Increase your salt consumption in consultation with a doctor.
• Avoid prolonged exposure to hot water.
• To avoid problems with low blood pressure and lessen episodes of dizziness after meals, try eating smaller, more frequent meals.
• Cut back on carbohydrates and take some rest after eating. 

Prolonged neck and back pain should not be ignored

Prolonged neck and back pain should not be ignored

Incorrect posture and sedentary lifestyle are two major causes of back problems today

New Delhi, 22 October 2017: Recent research indicates that about 20% of youngsters today suffer from some form of back and spine problems, with a majority of such people falling the age group of 16 to 34 years. The prevalence of these disorders has been found to be more pronounced in the cities of New Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Pune. The IMA indicates that it is not prudent to ignore back and neck problems. With timely treatment, the pain can be resolved by understanding the root cause of the problem.

Stress and lack of exercise are factors that can make the spine vulnerable to injury. This is exacerbated by driving on poor and potholed roads in cities. The spine is most important for accomplishing simple, daily activities such as sitting, standing, bending, and lying down. It is therefore, important to protect it and keep it healthy.

Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, “Spine is one of the most marvelous parts of the human anatomy. A string of 33 bony blocks are held together by ligaments and tendons and supported by large muscles. The spine protects our spinal cord and the nerve roots to safely relay messages to and from the brain to various parts of the body. The spine is so designed that it helps in flexibility, strength, and mobility; and helps a person with his/her daily life. Two most important reasons for spine problems are prolonged working hours and lack of exercise. The roads in the cities are also not too kind to this part of the body, with constant jerks from potholes affecting the spine in a major way. It is imperative to keep the spine healthy as it is the backbone of a healthy body.”

Some symptoms of back and spine problems include weight loss, elevated body temperature (fever), inflammation (swelling) on the back, pain down the legs and below the knees, urinary incontinence, difficulty in urinating, fecal incontinence,and numbness around the genitals.

Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “Keeping the right amount of curvature in the back takes pressure off the nerves and will reduce back pain. If you experience fatigue or pain when you wake up in the morning or after you’ve been sitting at your desk for a couple of hours, it may be an indication that your posture is not right.”

The following tips can help in preventing back and spine problems.

Get moving Physical activity helps in keeping the joints fluid. A person who is not physically active is more susceptible to back problems.
Eat healthy If you maintain good eating habits, you not only will maintain a healthy weight, but you also will not put unnecessary stress on your body.
Sleep sideways The best position for sleeping is on your side. If you are sleeping on your stomach, put a pillow under your lower abdomen to help take stress off your back.
Correct your posture and avoid stress The importance of good posture cannot be overlooked in preventing back problems. Additionally, stress can you to tense your muscles, and constant tension of this kind can cause back pain. Thus, it is important to find ways to reduce stress.

Bipolar disorder symptoms can be effectively managed with certain lifestyle changes

Bipolar disorder symptoms can be effectively managed with certain lifestyle changes

About 10 to 20 million people in India are affected by this condition

New Delhi, 11 October 2017: As per a recently published study, patients with bipolar depression treated with adjunctive bright white light showed a significantly higher remission rate as compared with the placebo light group. This corresponds to 68.2% vs 22.2%, respectively, at weeks 4 to 6 and significantly lower depression scores at the end of the study period. In India, about 10 to 20 million people suffer from mental disorders, one of them being bipolar disorders.

Bipolar disorder is a condition associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. The cycles of mood swings can often last for days, weeks, or months, with the changes being so intense that they interfere with a person’s ability to function properly. The condition not only affects daily activities of life, but also the person’s relationship with others.

Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, “A depressed person feels sad or hopeless and loses interest or pleasure in most activities. When this mood shifts to mania or hypomania, the person can be euphoric, full of energy, unusually irritable or aggressive. These mood swings can affect the person overall in terms of their sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly. Such mood swings may occur rarely or multiple times a year. While most people experience some emotional symptoms between episodes, some may not experience any at all. While the exact cause of bipolar disorder is not known, it could be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors and altered brain structure and chemistry.”

A person with bipolar disorder may also experience at least three of the following: grandiose ideas or pumped-up self-esteem; far less need for sleep than normal; an urgent desire to talk; racing thoughts and distractibility; increased activity that may be directed to accomplishing a goal or expressed as agitation; and a pleasure-seeking urge that might get funneled into sexual sprees, overspending, or a variety of schemes, often with disastrous consequences.

Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “Bipolar disorder can become worse, if left untreated. However, a good treatment plan including psychotherapy, medications, a healthy lifestyle, a regular schedule, and early identification of symptoms can help people live well even with this condition. There are also certain complementary health approaches like aerobic exercises and meditation, which can support treatment in such people.”

Here are some tips for self-management of symptoms in those with bipolar disorder.
• Avoid stress as this is a major trigger. Relieve stress through techniques like yoga and meditation. Talk to your family or friends, if this can help relieve stress.
• Stick to a regular schedule as this can help control mood swings to a great extent. People with bipolar disorder are usually affected by too many changes. Have meals, do errands, exercise, and go to bed about the same time every day.
• Studies show that regular exercise can help improve mood. Start slowly with walking and get physical activity every day in some form or the other.
• Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and drugs. Caffeine is a stimulant and can exacerbate manic episodes by keeping you awake. Alcohol and drugs can affect how your medications work.
• Keep a journal in which you make a note of the triggers and schedule. This will help you establish a pattern and prepare yourself accordingly. It will also help your doctor evolve a treatment plan suited to your needs.

Ovarian cancer symptoms not apparent until later stages

Ovarian cancer symptoms not apparent until later stages • It is the eighth most common cancer in women • Lifestyle changes can help reduce risk New Delhi, 18 September, 2017: Of all cancers in women, ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer and ranks fifth in terms of mortality, according to statistics. About two-thirds of those with this condition stand at an advanced stage of the disease during diagnosis and less than 50% survive longer than five years after being diagnosed. As per the IMA, the primary reason for reaching the advanced stage and eventual death is that in many women with this disease, there are no symptoms. Ovarian cancer refers to any cancerous growth in the ovary. A majority of ovarian cancers arise from the epithelium (outer lining) of the ovary. The most common ovarian cancers are called epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) and other types include ovarian low malignant potential tumor (OLMPT), germ cell tumors, and sex cord-stromal tumors. Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, "Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it spreads within the pelvis and stomach. In such an advanced stage, it may not be possible to treat the condition making it life threatening. Often, this condition has no symptoms in the early stages and even at a later stage; there are non-specific symptoms such as loss of appetite and weight loss. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for most inherited ovarian cancers. When these genes are normal, they help prevent cancer by making proteins that keep cells from growing abnormally. However, inheriting a mutation in one of these genes from either parent, makes this cancer preventing protein less effective. This increases the chances of developing ovarian cancer.” Some possible early symptoms of ovarian cancer include pain in the pelvis, lower side of the body, lower stomach, and back; indigestion or heartburn; feeling full rapidly when eating; more frequent urination; pain during intercourse; and changes in bowel habits. As it progresses, symptoms such as nausea, weight loss, breathlessness, tiredness, and loss of appetite can also appear. Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “The treatment for this condition consists of surgery, chemotherapy, a combination of surgery with chemotherapy, and at times, radiotherapy as well. The mode is decided depending on factors such as type of ovarian cancer, its stage and grade, and the patient’s general health. Contraceptive pills can help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in women and also protect them from the disease even 30 years after they stop taking the drugs.” Some other tips that can help prevent the risk of ovarian cancer in women include the following. Breastfeeding The longer a woman breastfeeds, the lower her risk of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. Pregnancy The more full-term pregnancies a woman has had, the lower her risk of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. Surgical procedures Women who have had a hysterectomy or a tubal ligation may have a lower risk of developing ovarian cancer. Adopting a healthier lifestyle This entails consuming more fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and drinking.

Indian males at a risk for developing Metabolic Syndrome due to fault lifestyle

Indian males at a risk for developing Metabolic Syndrome due to fault lifestyle Healthy eating and timely assessment of vital statistics are some preventive measures New Delhi, 27 August 2017: Statistics indicate that people with metabolic syndrome (MS) are at a three times higher risk for heart attack and stroke. They are also at a five-fold risk of developing Type II diabetes. According to the IMA, the urban male is likely to develop MS largely due to faulty lifestyle. Abdominal or central obesity is a common occurrence in India and such individuals have thin limbs but fat around the abdomen. A person is said to have MS when along with Waist Circumference of more than 90 cm (men), 80 cm (women), any two of following five are present:triglycerides of more than 150 mg/dl, HDL Cholesterol less than 40 mg (male) and 50 mg (female), fasting sugar (glucose) of more than 100 mg or presence of Diabetes and Hypertension of more than 130 mm Hg systolic or 85 diastolic. Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, “Increasing inactivity and a diet consisting of processed food are some primary reasons for MS. MS refers to a cluster of conditions namely increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. When these occur together, the chances of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes automatically increase. MS is also linked to insulin resistance. In this condition, the cells don't respond normally to insulin, and glucose can't enter the cells as easily. This makes the glucose levels in blood rise despite the body's attempt to control it by churning out more and more insulin.” Some risk factors for MS include age, race, obesity and weight around the abdomen, diabetes, and other conditions such as cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or polycystic ovary syndrome. Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “The best way to prevent the risk of MS is to make aggressive lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise.If these do not work, the doctor might prescribe medications to help control your blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood glucose.Studies have indicated that individuals who consume a vegetarian diet have a lower risk for developing MS than those who do not.” Here are some tips to prevent MS. • Exercise for about 30 to 60 minutes every day. Make a slow start but ensure that your continue physical activity thereafter. • Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and low fat dairy. Go easy on saturated fats, trans fat, cholesterol, and salt. • Those who are overweight should lose weight and people with a normal weight should aim at maintaining the same. • Quit smoking right away. • Schedule regular checkups with your doctor to assess your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar.

Women smokers can lower their risk of heart disease by quitting the habit

Women smokers can lower their risk of heart disease by quitting the habit Lifestyle changes and strong resolve to quit are key New Delhi, 23 August 2017: As per WHO estimates, 3 million people in industrialized countries will have died due to tobacco use by 2030, and an additional 7 million people in developing countries will meet the same fate. Smoking is still the leading preventable cause of death. Not only does tobacco smoke cause lung cancer, it is also implicated in heart disease, other cancers and respiratory diseases. As per the IMA, women who quit smoking have a 21% lower risk of dying from coronary heart disease within five years of quitting their last cigarette. Women who are current smokers have almost triple their risk of overall death compared with non-smoker women. Current smokers also have a 63% percent increased risk for colon cancer compared with never-smokers, while former smokers have a 23% increased risk. The risks of dying from other conditions also decline after quitting, although the time frame varies depending on the disease. Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, "It’s never too early to stop, and it’s never too late to stop. Women who started smoking earlier in life are at a higher risk for overall mortality, of dying from respiratory disease and from any smoking–related disease. However, a smoker’s overall risk of dying returns to the level of a never-smoker 20 years after quitting. Women metabolize nicotine more quickly than men and cigarette smoke appears to be more toxic for women. Women's coronary arteries are typically smaller than men's. Smaller blood clots can block the vessels and trigger a heart attack.” Most of the excess risk of dying from coronary heart disease vanishes within five years of quitting. For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the return to normal takes 20 years, although there is an 18% reduction in the risk of death is seen within 5 to 10 years after quitting. And the risk for lung cancer does not return to normal for 30 years after quitting, although there is a 21% reduction in risk within the first five years. Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “Nicotine replacement therapies may not be as effective in women as in men. This is because their menstrual cycle affects tobacco withdrawal symptoms and the results of anti smoking medications can be inconsistent. However, women should not wait until the development of a heart disease to quit this habit. Making certain lifestyle changes along with quitting smoking can help them lead a longer and healthier life.” The following tips can help quit the smoking habit. • Identify the trigger situation, which makes you smoke. Have a plan in place to avoid these or get through them alternatively. • Chew on sugarless gum or hard candy, or munch raw carrots, celery, nuts or sunflower seeds instead of tobacco. • Get physically active. Short bursts of physical activity such as running up and down the stairs a few times can make a tobacco craving go away. • Eat a healthy diet rich in whole grains, fruits and vegetables. • Keep yourself busy.

Lifestyle changes and stress can cause premature ovarian failure in women

Lifestyle changes and stress can cause premature ovarian failure in women Although the condition cannot be reversed, certain treatments and lifestyle changes can control associated symptoms and risks New Delhi, 20 August 2017: A recent survey has indicated that about 4% of Indian women experience signs of menopause between 29 and 34 years of age. This is alarming given the fact that most women reach menopause between the age of 45 and 55. As per the IMA, the reason behind this is likely to be Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), some contributing factors for which include changing food habits and work culture with increased stress. POF is a loss of normal function of the ovaries before the age of 40. Women with this condition can have irregular or occasional periods for years and might even become pregnant.However, it is not the same as premature menopause. Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, "POF results from the loss of eggs (oocytes). The atmosphere today, lifestyle habits, food adulteration as well as consumption of processed food can lead to many changes in a woman’s body. These factors are responsible for the rise in the number of cases of POF in young adults. It is a good idea for women who have missed their period for three months or more to consult a doctor and determine the exact cause. Changes in period cycle may be due to pregnancy, stress, or a change in diet or exercise habits. However, it is best to get evaluated on time.” The symptoms of POF resemble those of a natural menopause and include change in the pattern of periods, hot flashes, mood swings, crying spells, and sleeplessness. A woman can have POF if her FSH level (follicle stimulating hormone) after a blood test is more than 25mIU/L. Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “Although there is no proven treatment for POF, there are other alternatives such as adopting a healthier lifestyle which can help to a certain extent. Certain treatment procedures focus on the problems that arise from estrogen deficiency. Apart from this, assisted reproductive techniques have shown a ray of hope for those with issues such as these.” Some natural treatment methods can be tried to relieve hot flashes. Here are some tips. • Eat soy as it contains phytoestrogens. Some of the best sources of soy are tofu, soy powder, soymilk, and soy nuts. • Exercise, as an active lifestyle can lower the risk of premature menopause. About 30 minutes of aerobic exercise thrice a week is ideal. • Make sure that you get an ample supply of Vitamin D, E, zinc, and magnesium. • Eat foods that are rich in calcium such as cheese, almonds, green leafy vegetables, milk, fortified cereals like corn flakes, and raisin bran.

Smoking increases the chances of acquiring an erectile dysfunction

Smoking increases the chances of acquiring an erectile dysfunction Lifestyle changes and quitting smoking can go a long way in reducing the risks New Delhi, 17 August 2017: Studies indicate that men who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day have 60% higher risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). About 15% of past and present smokers experience an ED. Other important factors that contribute to this condition include diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, all of which can also get further exacerbated by smoking. As per the IMA, smoking also leads to reduced volume of ejaculation, low sperm count, sperm shape, etc. ED is defined as a persistent difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection. The causes for this disorder can be both medical and psychological. Frequent ED is usually the sign of health problems which may require treatment. Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, "Sexual arousal in males is a complex process involving the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles, and blood vessels. ED can occur when there is a problem with any of these associated factors. Stress and mental health concerns have been known to worsen the condition. Sometimes, ED is the result of a combination of physical and psychological issues such as a minor physical condition that slows a person’s sexual response leading to anxiety. This anxiety can lead to or worsen ED.” There are various risk factors which can contribute to ED. These include medical conditions, being overweight, certain medical treatments such as prostate surgery or radiation treatment for cancer, injuries, medications such as antidepressants, psychological conditions, and drinking. Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, “Many men with ED have been able to improve their sexual function through lifestyle changes. It is imperative to give up smoking, lose weight, and exercise which will all help in improving blood flow. In case a medication seems to be the contributing factor, it is a good idea to speak to a doctor about adjusting the dosage or switching to another drug.” The following steps can reduce a person’s risk of acquiring ED. • Start walking: At least 30 minutes of walking a day is linked with a 41% drop in risk for ED. • Eat right: Eating a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish can decrease the likelihood of ED. • Pay attention to vascular health: High blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, and high triglycerides can all damage arteries in the male organ. Low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol and an expanding waistline also contribute. • Get slim and stay slim: Obesity raises risks for vascular disease and diabetes, two major causes of ED. Excess fat interferes with several hormones that may be part of the problem as well. • Build pelvic muscles and not biceps: A strong pelvic floor enhances rigidity during erections and helps keep blood from leaving the penis by pressing on a key vein.

A healthy lifestyle can reduce risk of dementia

A healthy lifestyle can reduce risk of dementia Lifestyle has a major role to play in the health and well-being of a person. It’s not just physical health that benefits from a healthy lifestyle, but also mental health. Dementia is usually regarded as a part of the normal aging process. But it is not always so. Dementia is also associated with lifestyle factors. And, the risk of dementia can be reduced by simple but effective lifestyle modifications. This is the key message from a new report of The Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care, presented at the recently concluded Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) 2017 on July 20, 2017 and also published in The Lancet. The report has identified nine lifestyle factors (as below) during the course of life - early, middle and later – that influence the risk of dementia. Many of these factors can co-occur. The Report has for the first time considered social isolation and hearing as being pertinent to dementia. The level of education was also found to be an important risk factor. Poor education has been correlated with poor cognition. 1. Early life level of education 2. Midlife hypertension 3. Midlife obesity 4. Midlife hearing loss 5. Later life smoking 6. Later life physical inactivity 7. Later life social isolation 8. Later life depression 9. Later life diabetes Prevention is always better than cure. These factors are potentially modifiable and addressing them timely can prevent dementia in a large number of people. In addition to well-controlled hypertension and diabetes, early treatment of depression, weight loss, smoking cessation, being socially active, increasing physical activity, it is also important to engage in mentally stimulating and challenging exercises to keep the brain active. Develop a hobby, solve crossword puzzles, play chess or such challenging games to stay mentally active. A healthy lifestyle adopted early in life builds up cognitive reserve for later life. It is important that we also advise our patients to start making positive lifestyle changes for a healthy old age. (Source: Medscape) Dr KK Aggarwal National President IMA & HCFI

Lifestyle and unhealthy eating to be blamed for colon cancer, says IMA

Lifestyle and unhealthy eating to be blamed for colon cancer, says IMA This cancer can be prevented by timely screening and a change in lifestyle New Delhi, 12 July 2017: Statistics indicate that colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer across the world accounting for about 1.4 million new cases and 6,94,000 deaths per year. Its incidence is also on the rise in India. About one in three cases of colorectal cancers are found to be localized in the rectum. According to the IMA, a high-fat and low-fibre diet increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer can take years to develop. What is initially a polyp, turns into cancer over time. The tumor eventually invades through different layers of the bowel wall and then to the lymph nodes nearby. If undetected, the cancer can even spread to different parts of the body. Speaking about this, Padma Shri Awardee Dr K K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement, said, "Colon cancer cases are being seen in the younger population as well today. Sedentary lifestyles, desk jobs, and unhealthy eating patterns are all major contributors. What is more is that due to low levels of awareness, about 40% to 50% of the cases come to light only after they have reached the advanced stages. Most often, the symptoms appear only after the cancer has begun to grow. Signs such as rectal bleeding, constipation, and diarrhea lasting longer than one or two days can be mistaken as symptoms of other ailments. This delays diagnosis as well. Prevention of this cancer is largely in the hands of an individual. The original Indian meal was high in fibre and therefore supported the digestive system. Western diet being more preservative-laden and low on fibre causes not only colon cancer but a host of other diseases." While some symptoms may seem common to other diseases, it is important to see a doctor if they persist. Some such symptoms include diarrhea or constipation since more than two weeks, blood or mucous in stool, pencil stools or a feeling of being unable to empty your bowels completely, anemia, abdominal swelling or persistent abdominal pain or discomfort, unexplained weight loss, extreme tiredness, or a dizzy feeling, flatulence, and vomiting. Adding further, Dr Aggarwal, said, "This is one form of cancer where only awareness can help. Timely screening can help in detection of precancerous polyp which then can be removed before they turn into cancerous cells. Cancers confined within the wall of the colon can be cured with the help of surgery. With modern technology, less than 5% of all colorectal cancer patients require a colostomy. This is the surgical construction of an artificial excretory opening from the colon." It is possible to avert any possible risks for colon cancer by taking the following steps. • Eat a lot of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. These not only contain vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, but also plenty of fibre, which can play a major role in preventing cancer. • Drink in moderation and limit the amount of alcohol to no more than one drink a day for women and two for men. • Stop smoking and speak to your doctor about how to quit this habit. • Get about 30 minutes of exercise every day. • Maintain a healthy weight and for those who already have a healthy weight, it is a good idea to maintain the same by working out and eating healthy.

Adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle to grow old healthy

Adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle to grow old healthy People with no major heart disease risk factors in middle age live a longer and a healthier life free of all types of morbidity, according to a 40-Year Follow-Up of the CHA Study (Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry) reported in the journal Circulation. The study included both men and women aged 18 to 74 years, who were classified into 1 of 4 strata of cardiovascular health: favorable levels of all factors, 0 factors high but ≥1 elevated risk factors, 1 high risk factor and ≥2 high risk factors, which included blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, body mass index and smoking. Only 6% had favorable levels of all factors, while 35% had ≥2 high risk factors, 19% had ≥1 risk factors at elevated levels and 40% had 1 high risk factor. Comparing to the study participants who had ≥2 high-risk factors in middle age, those with all favorable factors lived an average of 3.9 years longer, survived 4.5 years longer before developing a chronic illness, spent 22% fewer of their senior years with a chronic illness and saved almost $18,000 in Medicare costs. When only heart disease was examined, those with all favorable risk factors lived 6.9 years longer without heart disease and also spent 46.5% fewer of their senior years with heart disease. The very small percentage of participant with favourable factors reiterates the need to adopt and maintain a healthy lifestyle to have a healthy heart and this should begin early on in life. As doctors, it falls upon us to educate our patients and make them aware of ways to live a healthy lifestyle to reduce the burden of disease in older age. I teach my patients the Formula of 80 to live up to the age of 80 years. • Keep lower blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ‘bad’ cholesterol, fasting sugar, resting heart rate and abdominal girth all below 80. • Keep kidney and lung functions >80%. • Engage in recommended amounts of physical activity (minimum 80 min of moderately strenuous exercise per week). Walk 80 min a day, brisk walk 80 min/week with a speed of at least 80 steps per min. • Eat less and not >80 gm or mL of caloric food each meal. • Observe cereal fast 80 days a year. • Do 80 cycles of parasympathetic breathing (pranayama) a day with a speed of 4/min. • Do not smoke or be ready to spend Rs 80,000/- for treatment. • Those who drink but do not want to stop and there is no contraindication, limit alcohol intake to no >80 mL/day for men (50% for women) or 80 gm/week. 10 gm of alcohol is present in 30 mL or 1 oz of 80 proof liquor. • Do not take >80 mL of soft drink at one go (dilute it to 200 mL by adding soda). • Take 80 mg of aspirin, if prescribed, for prevention. • Take 80 mg atorvastatin for prevention, when prescribed. • Keep noise levels below 80 dB. • Keep particulate matter PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels below 80 mcg per cubic meter. • Expose yourself 80 days in a year in sunlight to get vitamin D. • Achieve 80% of target heart rate when doing heart conditioning exercise. • Get 80% immunity by taking Flu and pneumonia vaccine. (Source: AHA News Release, May 1, 2017) Dr KK Aggarwal National President IMA & HCFI

IMA guidelines: Preventing dementia and cognitive decline

IMA guidelines: Preventing dementia and cognitive decline Simple lifestyle modifications can help reduce your risk of Alzheimer’s and related dementias. New Delhi, March 15, 2017: Nearly 4 million people are living with some form of dementia, in India. Promising research shows that you can reduce your risk of dementias through a combination of simple but effective lifestyle changes. No matter what your age, it's not too late to take steps to prevent memory loss.Brain- healthy lifestyle measures starting as early as young adulthood, can significantly prevent the onset of age induced Alzheimer’s and related dementias later in life. In addition, good health habits can reduce the risk for illnesses that might affect your memory as well as the likelihood that you'll need medications that could have damaging side effects. Padma Shri Awardee Dr K.K Aggarwal, National President Indian Medical Association (IMA) and President Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) and Dr RN Tandon – Honorary Secretary General IMA in a joint statement said that, “Alzheimer’s is a very complex disorder and has multiple risk factors. Risk factors like genetics and your age are beyond your control, however, some of these factors are modifiable and form the basis of a brain- healthy lifestyle. These include stress management, regular exercise, good sleep, healthy diet, mental stimulation and social engagement. A low-fat, high-fibre diet including plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables and whole grains can help reduce your risk of some kinds of dementia”. Along with diet and exercise, it is important that you engage in regular mentally stimulating activities to keep those brain cells up and running. This is particularly beneficial for those who have crossed their 40s. “Try doing light brain stimulating tasks like crossword puzzles, quizzes, daily reading or anything similar that interests you. For older individuals, it is advised that they engage their mental reserves through social engagement and exercise. For most people, a minimum of 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week, such as cycling or fast walking, is recommended.Good sleep should supplement these activities to obtain their full benefit”, adds Dr. K.K Aggarwal. Following are the some crucial protection strategies against dementia and cognitive decline. • Maintain a healthy weight. • Check your waistline. • Eat mindfully. Emphasize colorful, vitamin-packed vegetables and fruits; whole grains; fish, lean poultry, tofu, and beans and other legumes as protein sources; plus healthy fats. Cut down on unnecessary calories from sweets, sodas, refined grains like white bread or white rice, unhealthy fats, fried and fast foods, and mindless snacking. Keep a close eye on portion sizes, too. • Exercise regularly. Aim for 2½ to 5 hours weekly of brisk walking (at 4 mph). Or try a vigorous exercise like jogging (at 6 mph) for half that time. • Keep an eye on important health numbers. In addition to watching your weight and waistline, keep a watch on your cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and blood sugar numbers. • Smoking increases your risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, cancer and dementia. • When possible, walk instead of driving or riding. • Try keeping up with current affairs, learning a new hobby, and playing challenging games to exercise your mind.